Copyright and Licensing

Copyright in published articles stays with the authors. With the aim of promoting the broadest possible dissemination and reuse of scholarly research, articles are released under the CC BY 4.0 license. This license allows readers to share and adapt the material in articles freely for any purpose, including commercial use, without seeking permission, on condition that the original work is properly cited.

Authors who require it may apply to the publisher for the CC BY-NC 4.0 license, under which commercial usage is restricted.

Authors should check the journal's default license before submitting; unless a special request is made, the default license is deemed accepted.

By submitting the manuscript, the author(s) warrant that:

  • The manuscript represents the authors' own original work and violates no existing copyright, intellectual property, or other third-party rights.

  • For any material reproduced in the work that is neither the authors' original creation nor in the public domain—such as tables, graphs, charts, and diagrams—the necessary permissions have been secured.

  • The work has neither been published before nor is it currently under consideration for publication elsewhere in its present form.